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What is Cloud Computing?

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing is the on-demand delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics over the internet. Instead of owning and maintaining physical hardware or data centers, businesses and individuals can rent computing resources from cloud providers like AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.

Key Features of Cloud Computing

1. On-Demand Access – Resources are available whenever needed.

2. Scalability – Can easily scale up or down based on demand.

3. Cost-Efficiency – No need for expensive hardware; pay only for what you use.

4. Accessibility – Access data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection.

5. Security & Reliability – Cloud providers offer data encryption, backups, and disaster recovery.

Types of Cloud Computing Services

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – Provides virtual machines, storage, and networks (e.g., AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine).

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – Offers development platforms with tools for building applications (e.g., Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services).

3. Software as a Service (SaaS) – Delivers software applications over the internet (e.g., Gmail, Dropbox, Microsoft 365).

Types of Cloud Deployment Models

1. Public Cloud – Services are provided by third-party providers and shared among multiple users (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud).

2. Private Cloud – A dedicated cloud environment for a single organization (e.g., banks, government institutions).

3. Hybrid Cloud – A combination of public and private clouds for flexibility and security.

4. Multi-Cloud – Using multiple cloud providers for better performance and reliability.

Applications of Cloud Computing

• Web Hosting & Websites (e.g., WordPress, e-commerce platforms)

• Data Storage & Backup (e.g., Google Drive, Dropbox)

• AI & Machine Learning (e.g., AWS SageMaker, Google AI)

• Big Data & Analytics (e.g., Hadoop on Cloud, Google BigQuery)

• IoT & Smart Devices (e.g., AWS IoT, Azure IoT Hub)

• Cybersecurity & Threat Detection

What is Ethical hacking

What is Ethical Hacking?

Ethical Hacking is the practice of legally testing and securing computer systems, networks, and applications to identify and fix security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them. Ethical hackers, also known as White Hat Hackers, use hacking techniques with the organization’s permission to improve cybersecurity.

Purpose of Ethical Hacking

1. Identify Security Weaknesses – Detect vulnerabilities in networks, applications, and systems.

2. Prevent Cyber Attacks – Protect organizations from hacking, malware, phishing, and data breaches.

3. Enhance Security Measures – Strengthen firewalls, encryption, and authentication processes.

4. Ensure Compliance – Meet legal and regulatory cybersecurity requirements.

Types of Ethical Hacking

1. Network Security Testing – Checking for weak points in wired and wireless networks.

2. Web Application Hacking – Testing websites for SQL injection, XSS, and other vulnerabilities.

3. Social Engineering – Identifying risks of human manipulation through phishing and scams.

4. Mobile Security Testing – Finding security flaws in mobile apps and devices.

5. Cloud Security Testing – Ensuring data safety in cloud platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, etc.

Who Can Become an Ethical Hacker?

Anyone with a strong understanding of networking, programming, cybersecurity, and ethical hacking tools can pursue a career in ethical hacking. Certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP), and CompTIA Security+ help in professional growth.

Explain Cyber Security.

What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital data from cyber threats such as hacking, malware, phishing, ransomware, and unauthorized access. It involves implementing security measures to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.

Key Aspects of Cybersecurity

1. Network Security – Protects computer networks from cyberattacks, unauthorized access, and data breaches using firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and encryption.

2. Information Security – Ensures the protection of sensitive data from unauthorized access, theft, or corruption through encryption, access control, and data masking.

3. Application Security – Focuses on securing software applications from vulnerabilities and attacks by implementing security measures such as secure coding, penetration testing, and updates.

4. Cloud Security – Protects data stored in cloud services (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) using encryption, multi-factor authentication, and secure cloud configurations.

5. Endpoint Security – Secures individual devices (laptops, mobile phones, tablets) using antivirus software, firewalls, and endpoint detection response (EDR) solutions.

6. Identity and Access Management (IAM) – Ensures that only authorized individuals can access specific systems and data using authentication techniques like biometrics, passwords, and multi-factor authentication (MFA).

7. Operational Security – Involves implementing policies and procedures to protect digital assets, including risk management, incident response planning, and compliance with cybersecurity standards.

8. Cyber Threat Intelligence – The process of gathering, analyzing, and responding to cyber threats to stay ahead of potential attacks.

Common Cyber Threats

1. Malware (Viruses, Trojans, Ransomware, Spyware) – Malicious software that damages or steals data.

2. Phishing – Fraudulent emails or messages tricking users into revealing sensitive information.

3. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks – Overloading a system to disrupt its normal operations.

4. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks – Intercepting communication between two parties to steal or alter data.

5. SQL Injection – Injecting malicious code into databases to gain unauthorized access.

6. Zero-Day Exploits – Attacks targeting software vulnerabilities before developers fix them.

Importance of Cybersecurity

• Protects personal and financial data from hackers.

• Prevents unauthorized access to confidential business and government information.

• Ensures secure transactions and communications.

• Minimizes financial losses due to cybercrimes.

• Maintains trust and reputation for businesses and individuals.

Cybersecurity is crucial in today’s digital world as cyber threats continue to evolve. Organizations and individuals must adopt best security practices, such as using strong passwords, updating software regularly, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links.

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